Part I. General Principles

Chapter I. Definitions and Applications

Article 1

The term "land" referred to in this Act shall denote dry land, bodies of water, and natural sources of wealth.

Article 2

Land is hereby classified according to its use into the following types:
Type I. Land used for construction, such as land for dwelling houses, government offices, public buildings, schools, factories, warehouses, parks, amusement centers, clubs, ancestral halls, temples, churches, city walls and battlements, barracks, fortresses, jetties, wharves, air bases, cemeteries, etc.
Type II. Land used for direct production, such as agriculture land, forest land, fisheries, pastures, hunting grounds, lands with mineral deposits, salt fields, sources of water, ponds, etc.
Type III. Land used for communication and water conservancy, such as highways and roads, canals and ditches, waterways, lakes, harbors, bays, coasts, embankments, dikes, etc.
Type IV. Other lands such as deserts, snowy mountains, etc.
Each of the preceding types of land may be subdivided into categories.

Article 3

In the absence of any provision to the contrary, the land offices shall be responsible for the execution of this Act.

Article 4

The term "public land" referred to in this shall denote land owned by the State, the Municipality, the County (City), the District (Township, City) .

Article 5

"Improvement on land" referred to in this Act shall be divided into two different kinds: constructional improvements and agricultural improvements.
Constructional improvements shall denote buildings or construction works affixed to land; agricultural improvements shall denote farm crops and other plants grown on land as well as improvement in irrigation and drainage and in soil.

Article 6

The term "owner-cultivation" referred to in this Act shall mean cultivation done by the landowner himself. Cultivation directly managed by the land-owner for the maintenance of his family shall be regarded as owner-cultivation.

Article 7

The term "land bonds" referred to in this Act shall mean bonds issued by the Land Bank according to Act.

Article 8

Cancelled.

Article 9

An Act governing the application of this Act shall be separately enacted.

Chapter II. Land Rights

Article 10

All land lying within the territorial limits of the Republic of China shall belong to the Chinese people as a whole. Any part of the land where of the ownership is lawfully acquired by an individual Chinese shall be private land.
Any land whereof private ownership is extinguished shall be owned by the State.

Article 11

The kinds of rights to be created over land other than ownership shall conform to the provisions of the Civil Code.

Article 12

Wherever private land becomes part of a lake or navigable waterway by the operation of natural forces, the ownership there of shall be deemed to have been extinguished.
When any land referred to in the preceding paragraph reverts to its original condition and its original owner produces evidence to substantiate his original ownership, his ownership thereof shall be restored.

Article 13

Where riparian land along lakes or waterways naturally accretes owing to the change of current, the owners of lands adjoining such accretions shall have the preferential right to acquire the ownership thereof, or to use them and enjoy incomes there from in accordance with Act.

Chapter III. Restriction on Land Rights

Article 14

Lands of the following descriptions shall not be privately owned:
1. Lands lying within certain limits of the seacoast.
2. Lakes of natural formation that are needed for public use and riparian lands lying within certain limits of the shores thereof.
3. Navigable waterways and riparian lands lying within certain limits of the banks thereof.
4. Waterways and lakes within the territorial limits of cities and townships, and riparian lands lying within certain limits of the banks thereof.
5. Public thoroughfares.
6. Lands with mineral springs.
7. Lands where waterfalls pass over.
8. Sources of water for public use.
9. Scenic spots and historic remains.
10. Other lands whereof private ownership is prohibited by laws.
Any land referred to in the preceding paragraph where of private ownership has been acquired may be expropriated by the Government according to Act.
The scenic spots and historic remains in the ninth subparagraph in the first preceding paragraph where of were privately owned in the Japanese occupation period and registered as public owned after the recovery of Taiwan may be given away and transferred to private ownership by laws are exempted from this ruling.

Article 15

Minerals attached to any land shall not become private property, even if private ownership of the said land has been duly acquired.
The minerals referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to those which are specified in the Mining Industry Act.

Article 16

The National Government may prohibit the transfer of ownership, the creation of encumbrance over, or the lease of any private land, if such transfer, encumbrance, or lease is considered to be inconsistent with national policies.

Article 17

Lands of the following descriptions shall not be transferred or leased to aliens, nor may encumbrance on them be created in favor of aliens:
(1) Forest lands.
(2) Fisheries.
(3) Hunting grounds.
(4) Salt fields.
(5) Lands with mineral deposit.
(6) Sources of water.
(7) Lands lying within fortified and military areas and lands adjacent to the national frontiers.
The transfer referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not include the acquisition of land through inheritance. But the said land shall be disposed of to Chinese nationals within three years after the completion of the registration of inheritance. If the land is not duly disposed of within this time limit, the competent Municipal or County (City) Government shall transfer it to the National Property Bureau for public tendering. The procedure for public tendering provided by Article 73-1 shall, mutatis mutandis, apply.
The provisions referred to in the preceding paragraph shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to the acquisition of land, listed in (1) to (7) above, through inheritance before the revision of this Act, where the registration of inheritance has not yet been completed.

Article 18

Only those aliens may acquire or create rights over land in the Republic of China who are nationals of States that have diplomatic relations with the Republic of China and permit, according either to treaty or to their municipal Acts, Chinese nationals to enjoy the same rights in their respective countries.

Article 19

Aliens may acquire land of the following usages for self use, investment and public welfare, but the area and location of such land shall be subject to restrictions imposed according to Act by the competent Municipal or County (City) Government:
(1) Residences.
(2) Business place, office buildings, shops and factories.
(3) Churches.
(4) Hospitals.
(5) Schools for the children of aliens.
(6) Diplomatic and consular buildings and office buildings of organizations for the promotion of public welfare.
(7) Cemeteries.
(8) Investments helping important construction in the country, the economy as a whole, and agriculture and pasture, which have been approved by the central authority in charge of the business.
A regulation governing the procedure for application, documents to be attached, the method of examination and other regulatory matters shall be enacted by the Executive Yuan.

Article 20

In leasing or purchasing land for any one of the purposes specified in the preceding Article, aliens shall submit jointly with the original landowner a written request to the competent Municipal or County (City) Government for examination and approval.
Aliens shall file an application together with related documents to the competent Municipal or County (City) Government for approval if they intend to acquire land for the usages referred to in the preceding Article. This applies to where there is a change of usages for the land or a transfer of landownership except through inheritance. An acquisition according to Section (8) of the preceding Paragraph requires the advance approval of the central authority in charge of the business.
The Municipal or County (City) Government shall decide whether an application within the terms of the preceding paragraph is to be approved within 14 days of receipt and shall then refer the matter to the Central Land Administration for examination after approval.
Aliens shall use the land, acquired according to Section (8) of the preceding Paragraph, within the prescribed time limit and usage. Aliens shall apply to the central authority in charge of the business for an extension with full explanation of the causes, if they fail to use the land within the prescribed time limit. The competent Municipal or County (City) Government shall instruct the landowners, if they fail to use the land according to the prescribed time limit and usage, to dispose of their land within three years of receiving such notification. If they fail to dispose of the land after the expiration of the said period, the competent Municipal or County (City) Government may directly invite a public tender, and return the proceeds to the landowners. Any improvements thereto may be disposed of together.
Rules governing the procedure for public tender, the calculation of proceeds, the treatment of objections and other matters to follow, shall be formulated by the Executive Yuan.

Article 21

Cancelled.

Article 22

Cancelled.

Article 23

Cancelled.

Article 24

Aliens who have leased or purchased land and have the lease or purchase duly registered shall enjoy rights and be liable for obligations according to Acts and ordinances.

Chapter IV. Public Land

Article 25

All public lands under the jurisdiction of the Municipal, or County (City) Government shall not be disposed of, or encumbered, or leased for a period longer than ten years without the consent of the local assembly and the approval of the Executive Yuan.

Article 26

Whenever any governmental organization of whatever level requires the use of public land, it shall consult with the competent Municipal, or County (City) Government and shall submit, through the regular channels of official communication, a written request thereof to the Executive Yuan for approval and allocation.

Article 27

Municipal and County (City) Governments shall include in their respective budgets all incomes from public lands under their jurisdiction.

Chapter V. Readjustment of Land Rights

Article 28

Municipal Governments or County (City) Governments under the direct jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan may, in the light of local conditions and with due regard to the different categories and the nature of land, prescribe limits on the maximum area of private land which individuals or corporate bodies may own respectively.
The limits on the maximum area of private land prescribed according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be subject to the approval of the Central Land Administration.

Article 29

Wherever limits are prescribed on the area of private land according to the provisions of the preceding Article, the competent Municipal, or County (City) Government shall formulate measures requiring that all lands in excess of the prescribed limits shall be set apart and sold within a definite period of time.
All private lands in excess of the prescribed limits that are not set apart and sold according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph may be compulsorily purchased by the competent Municipal, or County (City) Government according to the provisions of this Act.
Compensation for the lands compulsorily purchased according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph may, in the light of actual conditions, be paid partly with land bonds.

Article 30

Cancelled.

Article 30-1

Cancelled.

Article 31

The Municipal, or County (City) Land Offices may, in the light of local economic conditions and with due regard to the nature of land and the use to which it is put, prescribe minimum units for the different categories of land lying within their jurisdiction and prohibit any subdivision of such units.
The minimum units prescribed according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be subject to the approval of the Central Land Administration.

Article 32

Municipal, or County (City) Governments under the direct jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan may set maximum limits to the amount of debts which may be contracted by any owner-cultivator on account of his farm land, and such limits shall be reported to the Central Land Administration for record.

Article 33

Cancelled.

Article 34

Cancelled.

Article 34-1

For the disposal of ownership, or changes of, or setting encumbrance of superficies, Agricultural Right , Servitude of real property, or dien over co-owned land or constructional improvements, the consent of more than half of the Co-owners whose holding of ownership is more than half of the total share shall be required. But if the holding of ownership is more than two thirds, the numbers of consenting co-owners need not be taken into account.
Before the disposal of ownership, or changes of, or setting encumbrance over co-owned land or constructional improvements according to the provisions referred to in the preceding paragraph, the co-owners shall notify other co-owners in writing in advance. The co-owners shall make a public announcement in case there is difficulty notifying other co-owners in writing.
The co-owners referred to in Paragraph one are liable for the repayments or compensation which other co-owners are entitled to. When applying for the registration of changes in land rights, the co-owners shall submit the evidence of other co-owners being paid or the payment being deposited to the local court. If other co-owners will be granted with property ownership as a result of the said change, the co-owners shall apply, on behalf of other co-owners, for the registration of the said change.
When co-owners dispose of their shares of ownership, other co-owners shall have preferential right, individually or jointly, to purchase the said shares on the same terms as are offered to any other person.
The provisions of Paragraph one to four, mutatis mutandis, apply to co-ownership-in-common.
When co-owners fail to reach an agreement, by themselves, of the subdivision of co-owned land or constructional improvements of which subdivision is allowed according to Act, any co-owner may apply to the competent Municipal or County Land Office for conciliation. Any party who refuses to abide by the terms of the conciliation shall, within 15 days of receipt of the notice of the said terms, bring the case before the judicial authorities for settlement. If he fails to bring the case before the judicial authorities within the said time limit, the terms of the conciliation shall be carried out accordingly.

Article 34-2

In order to settle property disputes, the Committee on Property Dispute Conciliation shall be set up by the Municipal or County Land Office. The Committee shall employ members with land administration, construction, and legal backgrounds together with local distinguished persons. Rules governing the organization of the Committee on Property Dispute Conciliation, the conditions for the application for conciliation, the procedure, the time limit, conciliation fees and other matters to follow shall be formulated by the Central Land Office.

Article 35

The creation of owner-cultivated farms shall be regulated by separate Act.

Part II. Cadastration

Chapter I. General Provisions

Article 36

Unless cadastration has been already completed according to Act, it shall be carried out according to the provisions of this Act.
The procedure of cadastration shall be: cadastral survey and land registration.

Article 37

Land registration shall mean the registration of the ownership of, and other rights over, land and constructional improvements thereon.
Rules governing land registration such as those covering procedures, fees, data to file, documents to attach and dispute settlement shall be formulated by the Central Land Administration.

Article 37-1

The application for the registration of land may be assigned to registration agents by issuing a written assigning contract.
Registration agents shall pass a registration agents' examination or verification. But those registration agents who had been conducting registration agency business before the revision of this Act, and had registered as qualified registration agents with certificates or registration cards given by the Government, may continue their business. Those registration agents who had no certificate or registration card, may continue their business until December 31 1995.
Land Offices shall not accept any application for registration from non-professional land registration agents who arbitrarily act as land registration agents.
Rules governing the commencement and nature of any business, and the responsibility, training, and management of any association, and encouragement, reward and discipline, shall be formulated by the Central Land Administration.

Article 38

Cadastral survey shall be undertaken before land registration. In localities where cadastral survey has been already completed according to Act, the general registration of land shall be immediately undertaken according to the provisions of this Act.
"The general registration of land" referred to in the preceding paragraph shall mean the registration, within a definite period of time, of all lands in a given Municipal or County (City).

Article 39

Land registration shall be carried out by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office, but the general registration of land and other related matters may, if necessary, be carried out by a land registry set up ad hoc in a Municipality or County (City) by the said Land Office.

Article 40

Cadastration shall be carried out with each Municipality or County (City) as an independent unit. Each Municipality or County (City) shall be divided into districts; each district into sections; and each section shall comprise a number of plots, to each of which a serial number shall be given.

Article 41

Lands pertaining to Type III and IV according to the classification of Article 2 of this Act shall be given no serial numbers and be exempted from registration.

Article 42

The general registration of land may be carried out by districts to be known as "registration districts".
The registration districts referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not be smaller than an urban district in the case of Municipalities, or a District or Township in the case of Counties.

Article 43

Registration duly made according to this Act shall have conclusive validity.

Chapter II. Cadastral Survey

Article 44

Cadastral survey shall be carried out according to the following steps:
(1) Triangulation.
(2) Surveying of supplementary control points.
(3) Surveying of individual plots.
(4) Computation of area.
(5) Map drawing.

Article 44-1

When cadastral survey is carried out, landowners shall set up border marks and permanently preserve them thereafter.
Rules governing the types, dimensions and methods of the setting up of border marks, and the trade and management of border marks, shall be formulated by the Central Land Administration.

Article 45

Where cadastral survey is to be carried out by the competent Municipal or County (City) Government, the projects thereof shall be submitted to the Central Land Administration for approval.

Article 46

If cadastral survey is to be effected by aerophotography, it shall be planned and carried out by the Central Land Administration.

Article 46-1

A repeat of a cadastral survey may be carried out if cadastral maps of a registration district, where cadastral survey has been carried out, are damaged, entirely destroyed or lost, or the scale of maps has changed, or for other important causes.

Article 46-2

Whenever cadastral survey is repeated landowners shall set up border marks and be present on site to identify the boundaries according to the time limit prescribed in the notification issued by the Land Office. If the landowners fail to set up border marks or to identify the boundaries within the said time limit, the cadastral survey shall be carried out according to the following order of precedence:
（1） Boundaries of adjacent land.
（2） Boundaries identified by current users.
（3） Boundaries with references to old cadastral maps.
（4） Local custom.
The provisions of Paragraph two of Article 59 shall apply mutatis mutandis, when there is any dispute among landowners arising out of the setting up of border marks or the identification of land borders.

Article 46-3

The result of a repetition of a cadastral survey shall be announced for a period of 30 days.
If the result referred to in the preceding paragraph is deemed to be wrong by the landowner, he may apply to the competent land office for a re-survey with the payment of a re-survey fee, unless he has failed to set up border marks or to identify land borders according to the preceding article. After the implementation of a re-survey, the landowner shall not re-apply for re-survey again.
The competent land office shall undertake the registration of the change in land descriptions accordingly, if there is no application for re-survey after the time limit referred to in the preceding paragraph, or if there is no mistake after the said re-survey.

Article 47

Rules governing the operational method, and procedure of cadastral survey, and the procedure for application to and required documents for land re-survey and construction survey, shall be formulated by the Central Land Administration.

Article 47-1

The competent land office may assign cadastral surveyors for the undertaking of cadastral survey.
Rules governing the cadastral surveyor shall be separately enacted.

Article 47-2

Standards governing the fees for land re-survey and construction survey, shall be formulated by the Central Land Administration.

Chapter III. General Registration of Land

Article 48

The general registration of land shall be carried out according to the following steps:
(1) Cadastral investigation.
(2) Proclamation of registration districts and of the period of application for registration.
(3) Filing of applications and documents.
(4) Critical examination of applications and public announcement of the results thereof.
(5) Entry on the register, issuance of certificates, and compilation of registration books.

Article 49

The period of application for registration in any registration district shall not be shorter than two months.

Article 50

The cadastral map of a registration district shall be exposed to public view before the general registration of land begins.

Article 51

Application for the general registration of land shall be made by the landowner by filing a written application together with documents of evidence during the period of application for registration. In case rights over land other than ownership are to be registered, the application shall be made jointly by obligee and the obligor.

Article 52

The registration of public land shall be effected by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office at the request of the authority which is entrusted with the care of the said land or which is using it; and under the "Owners" column a note shall be inserted to indicate whether the land is owned by the State, the Municipality, the County (City), the District or the Township.

Article 53

Any public land which is neither entrusted to the care of, nor used by any public authority, or any public land which has come to light as a result of cadastration, shall be directly registered by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office; and under the "Owners" column a note shall be inserted to indicate that the said land is owned by the State.

Article 54

Any person who has peaceably and continuously taken possession of any land and may, according to the provisions of Articles 769 and 770 of the Civil Code , apply to be registered as its owner shall, during the period of application for registration, file an application for the registration of the ownership of the said land on the testimony of those persons who own the adjacent lands.

Article 55

All applications and requests for registration that are found upon examination and testimony to be correct and proper shall be publicly announced by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office. The same rule shall apply to those lands that are to be directly registered according to the provisions of Article 53.
In case additional documents of evidence are required in respect of the applications and requests for registration referred to in the preceding paragraph, the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office shall prescribe a time limit for the presentation of such documents.

Article 56

Where an application for registration is dismissed on account of facts found therein upon examination according to the provisions of the preceding Article, the applicant may bring an action before the competent judicial authorities for the confirmation of his rights. If his rights are duly confirmed by a judicial decision, he may again apply for registration on the strength thereof.

Article 57

Any land of which no person has applied for registration during the period of application, or any land of which the applicant for registration has failed to present the required additional documents of evidence within the prescribed time limit, shall be regarded as ownerless land and publicly announced as such by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office. If, on the expiration of the period of public announcement, no objections have been raised thereto, such land shall be registered as land owned by the State.

Article 58

The period of the public announcements made according to Article 55 shall not be shorter than fifteen days.
The period of the public announcements made according to Article 57 shall not be shorter than thirty days.

Article 59

During the period of the public announcements referred to in the preceding Article, any person with interests in such land may raise objections thereto by submitting a written statement together with documents of evidence to the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office.
Any dispute over land rights arising out of the objections raised according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be submitted to the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office for conciliation. Any party who refuses to abide by the terms of the conciliation shall, within 15 days on receipt of the notice of the said terms, bring the case before the judicial authorities for settlement. If he fails to bring the case before the judicial authorities within the said time limit, the terms of the conciliation shall be carried out accordingly.

Article 60

Any person who has lawfully taken possession of any land but has failed to apply for its registration during the period of application for registration and has raised no objections during the period of public announcement shall forfeit his right of possession.

Article 61

The judicial authorities in localities where the general registration of land is being carried on shall set up special courts to handle cases involving land rights and to hear and decide on them with all dispatch.

Article 62

Any land right of which application for registration has been duly made and to which no objection has been raised during the period of public announcement, or which has been established through conciliation or confirmed by judicial decision, shall be definitively registered, and a certificate of landownership or of other right over land shall be issued to the obligee.
The certificate of landownership referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be issued with a plot map attached thereto.

Article 63

The area of land that is to be definitively registered according to the provisions of the preceding Article shall be that which is obtained by an actual survey of the land made within the boundaries indicated by documentary evidences.
In case the boundaries indicated by documentary evidences referred to in the preceding paragraph are not clearly defined or show discrepancies, the area obtained by an actual survey of the land shall be registered, if it does not exceed the area indicated in the documents by 20 per cent. But if the area obtained by an actual survey exceeds that indicated in the documents by more than 20 per cent, the excess area shall be regarded as land owned by the State; but the original occupant shall have preferential right to purchase it and apply for registration thereof.

Article 64

For each registration district a general register of all lands duly registered shall be compiled and permanently kept in the files of the Municipal or County (City) Government.
The form, and the methods of treatment and preservation, of the general register shall be prescribed by the Central Land Administration.

Article 65

In applying for the general registration of land, the obligee shall pay a registration fee at the rate of 0.2 per cent of the declared value of the land, or 0.2 per cent of the value of any right over it other than ownership, as the case may be.

Article 66

If the original obligee of any land in respect of which public announcement has been made according to the provisions of Article 57 raises due objection thereto and submits documentary evidence to apply for the registration of the said land during the period of public announcement, such application, if found to be correct and proper, shall be publicly announced, and the registration of the said land shall be effected according to the required procedure, but the applicant shall pay a 50% extra charge in addition to the regular registration fee.

Article 67

For each certificate of landownership or of any other right over land issued, a fee shall be charged. The charge shall be formulated by the Central Land Administration.

Article 68

Where damage is sustained through error, omission, or fraud in registration, the competent Land Office shall be liable to pay compensation therefore, unless the Land Office can prove that the person injured is responsible for the cause of such damage.
The compensation for damage referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not exceed the value prevailing at the time when damage was sustained.

Article 69

When any error or omission in registration is discovered after registration has been completed. The registration officer or an interested party can not rectify it if the rectification do not permit after applying with document to the superior Administration. If the error or omission in registration is purely the negligence of the registration officer when he enters the registration, and there are original documents of evidence citing reasons for registration for examination, the registry may rectify directly.

Article 70

Ten per cent of the registration fees received by the Land Office shall be earmarked as a Registration Fund to be used for the specific purpose of paying the compensation provided by Article 68.
Compensation for damage borne by the Land Office shall be paid back by the registration officer, if the said damage is a result of his gross negligence. All sums thus paid back shall be turned over to the Registration Fund.

Article 71

If any claim for compensation is rejected by the competent Land Office, the person injured may bring the case before the judicial authorities for adjudication.

Chapter IV. Registration of Changes in Land Rights

Article 72

After the general registration of land, any change in land rights such as transfer, subdivision, consolidation, augmentation, diminution, or extinction, shall be duly registered.

Article 73

Application for the registration of any change in land rights shall be made by the landowner; but application for the registration of any change in rights over land other than ownership shall be made jointly by the obligee and the obligor. If the registration of change in land rights is due to inheritance, the application may be filed by any inheritor on behalf of all inheritors. But the application does not affect other inheritors' rights to renounce inheritance or to fix a limit to inheritance.
The application referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be made within one month after any change in a land right has been effected. In case of the registration of inheritance, the application may be made within six months from the day the inheritance has been effected. In case the application is made after the expiration of the said period, a fine equivalent to the registration fee for each month in arrears may be imposed on the applicant, limited to no more than twenty times of the registration fee.

Article 73-1

Where the registration of change on any inherited land or constructional improvement thereon has not been applied for after one year following the inheritance, the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office shall publicly announce that the inheritors shall apply for the registration of change within three months. The competent Land Office may take over the management of the said land and make a detailed statement in tabulated form on the case, if the inheritors fail to apply within the said time limit. But if the applicant is not responsible for the cause of such failure, that time limit shall not be taken into account.
The duration of the management referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not be more than 15 years. If the registration of change of the inherited land or constructional improvement still has not been applied for after 15 years, the competent Land Office shall transfer them together with a list to the National Property Bureau for public tendering. Any inheritor or third party who has unlawfully taken possession of the land shall forfeit his right of possession after sale by tender. If the inherited land or constructional improvements have been under a lease for more than five years, the lease shall not be for more than five years after public tendering.
The sale by tender of the land or constructional improvement according to Paragraph two shall be publicly announced for 30 days, and the inheritors, lawful occupants, or other co-owners shall have preferential right to purchase the area occupied by them in the said order. But the preferential right shall be deemed to have been waived if the holder does not express his intention to make the purchase within 10 days of the closure of the sale by tender.
A special account shall be set up in the National Treasury to keep the proceeds from the sale by tender, and the inheritor may withdraw his lawful share accordingly. The proceeds, if no inheritor withdraws within 10 years, shall belong to the National Treasury.
The National Treasury shall choose another time to re-tender the land or constructional improvement referred to in Paragraph two, if there is no buyer, or the highest price bid by a buyer is lower than the lowest offer price. The National Treasury shall consider reducing the offer price for re-tender. The reduction shall not be more than 20 per cent. If a sale by tender fails for the fifth time, then the land or constructional improvement shall be registered as state owned, and the forfeiture of the right of possession, and the limit of duration to the lease provided by the second half of Paragraph two shall, mutatis mutandis, apply. The original obligee may, by furnishing documentary evidence, apply to the National Property Bureau for the withdrawal of proceeds according to his lawful share of the inheritance, from the specific account referred to in Paragraph four, within 10 years from the completion of registration. After the claim is proved to be correct by examination, the amount calculated based on the base offering price of the land or constructional improvement at the fifth sale by tender shall be given, if there is no objection filed during the public announcement period.

Article 74

Application for the registration of any change in a land right shall be filed together with the original certificate of landownership and the attached plot map, or with the original certificate of any other right over land, as the case may require.

Article 75

When an application for the registration of a change in a land right has been examined and found to be correct and proper by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office, the said change shall be immediately entered in the general register, a certificate of landownership or of any other right over land, as the case may require, shall be issued to the applicant, and the original certificate of land ownership or of other right over land shall be either nullified or duly annotated, as the case may require.
A plot map shall be attached to the certificate of landownership issued according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 75-1

Before the completion of the registration referred to in the preceding Article, the land registry shall immediately change the registration to be a case of attachment, provisional appropriation, provisional disposition, or bankruptcy, and notify the applicant if it is required by the court to undertake the registration according to those circumstances.

Article 76

In applying for the registration of any change in a land right, the obligee shall pay a registration fee at the rate of 0.1 per cent of the declared value of the land or 0.1 per cent of the value of any right over it other than ownership, as the case may be.
But no registration fee shall be charged for the registration of a change in the content of any other right over land, unless its value increases when a registration fee shall be charged on the increased value according to the preceding paragraph.

Article 77

For each certificate of landownership or of any other right over land issued in the registration of a change in land right, a fee shall be charged according to the provisions of Article 67.

Article 78

For each of the following registrations, the applicant shall be exempt from paying the registration fee：
(1) Registration of change due to land consolidation .
(2) Registration of rectification.
(3) Registration of deletion.
(4) Registration of cancellation.
(5) Registration of change in name.
(6) Registration of change in domicile.
(7) Registration of change of descriptions.
(8) Registration of restriction.

Article 79

Requests for the replacement of certificates of landownership or of other rights over land that are either damaged or entirely destroyed or lost shall be made according to the following provisions:
(1) Any one making a request for the replacement of a certificate that is damaged shall submit the original damaged certificate for examination.
(2) Any one making a request for the replacement of a certificate that is entirely destroyed or lost shall fully explain the causes of its destruction or loss and shall furnish related supporting documents, and a replacement may be issued to him after his request has been publicly announced for 30 days by the competent Land Office, if there is no objection filed during the public announcement period.

Article 79-1

The applicant shall furnish the approval of the person whose name is registered when applying for the registration of caution of the following rights to claim:
(1) Rights to claim in relation to the transfer of land right or to its elimination.
(2) Rights to claim in relation to the change of contents or order of land right.
(3) Rights to claim the attachment of conditions or a time limit.
Before the registration of advance announcement referred to in the preceding paragraph is cancelled, the person whose name being registered shall not dispose of, or set any encumbrance on the land. The said disposal or encumbrance is invalid if it obstructs the registered rights to claim. The registration of advance announcement does not exclude any new registration based on compulsory purchase, judicial decision or special performance.

Article 79-2

A fee to cover expenses, or for viewing, shall be charged if any one of the following conditions applies:
(1) Application for the change or the replacement of the original certificate of land ownership or of other right over land is filed.
(2) Application for the issue of a transcript or abridgment of the land register or the cadastral map.
(3) Application for transcribing or photocopying the application form and its attachment.
(4) New certificates issued to a new lot created after an application for the registration of subdivision.
(5) Application to view the blue print or copy of the cadastral map.
(6) Application to view the electronically processed file of cadastration.
Rules governing the fees charged to cover expenses, or for viewing, referred to in the preceding paragraph, shall be formulated by the Central Land Administration.

Part III. Land Use

Chapter I. General Provisions

Article 80

By land use shall be meant the utilization of land through the application of labor and capital.

Article 81

The Municipal or County (City) Land Office may, in consultation with other government authorities concerned, classify the lands under its jurisdiction into different categories for specific uses with reference to national economic policies and due consideration of local needs and the possible uses for which the nature of the lands is suitable.

Article 82

Any land which is classified for a specific use shall not be put to some other use, unless such other use is approved by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office.

Article 83

Any land which is classified for a specific use may continue to be utilized for its original purpose pending the time when such specific use begins.

Article 84

The classification of lands into different categories for specific uses or any subsequent changes therein shall be made by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office and announced by the Municipal or County (City) government.

Article 85

After the classification of lands into different categories for specific uses has been announced, the superior Land Administration may issue instructions to make changes therein, if, in its judgment, some more important interests are to be served thereby or some more important uses justify such change.

Article 86

In respect of agricultural lands under its jurisdiction, the Municipal or County (City) Land Office may, in consultation with the competent agriculture and forestry authorities, prescribe the size of collective farms to be operated according to the methods of collective farming.
Regulations governing collective farms shall be separately prescribed by Act.

Article 87

Any land which is classified for constructional use but is not so used according to Act shall be regarded as vacant land.
Any land on which the value of constructional improvements is less than 20 per cent of its declared land value shall be regarded as vacant land.

Article 88

Any land which is classified for agricultural use or for other purposes of direct production but is not so used according to Act shall be regarded as uncultivated land. But this provision shall not apply to lands lying fallow as necessitated by agricultural production.

Article 89

In respect of private vacant lands and uncultivated lands under its jurisdiction, the Municipal or County (City) Land Office may mark off areas and prescribe a time limit within which such lands shall be duly used according to law.
If the private uncultivated lands referred to in the preceding paragraph are not duly used according to Act after the expiration of the prescribed time limit, the competent Municipal or County (City) Government may purchase them at their declared values.

Chapter II. Restrictions on Land Use

Article 90

In cities and municipalities, lands to be used for roads, ditches, sewers, and other public purposes shall be delimited in advance accordingly to the City Planning Act.

Article 91

All the lands in cities and municipalities may, according to the City Planning Act, be demarcated into one area wherein the use of land is subject to restrictions and another area wherein the use of land is free.

Article 92

The Government may, according to Act, compulsorily purchase all the lands or part of them in a newly created city for the purpose of replanning and consolidation in accordance with the City Planning Act, and resell the consolidated plots individually and severally at the purchase price originally paid plus an additional charge to cover the expenses required for replanning.
The lands subject to compulsory purchase according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph may be so purchased at different times and offered for development area by area. The lands in areas not yet offered for development may be reserved for compulsory purchase, and any use thereof which obstructs the execution of the city planning project shall be prohibited.

Article 93

Lands which have been announced to be used as roads or for other public purposes according to the city planning project may be reserved for compulsory purchase, and any construction thereon shall be prohibited except structures of a temporary nature.

Chapter III. Lease of Houses and Building Sites

Article 94

In cities and municipalities, an appropriate number of reserve houses shall be built by the Government and leased to citizens for residence.
The rental of the houses referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not exceed an amount equivalent to an annual interest of 8 per cent on the total value of the land and the buildings thereon.

Article 95

In order to relieve housing shortage, the Municipal or County (City) Government may, with the approval of the Executive Yuan, reduce or remit both the land tax and the improvements tax on those lands whereon new houses are built and fix a time limit for such reduction or remission.

Article 96

In cities and municipalities, necessary restrictions on the number of rooms to be occupied by each citizen for his own dwelling may, with due regard to local conditions, be prescribed by the Municipal or County (City) Government; but such restrictions shall be subject to the approval of the local assembly.

Article 97

In cities and municipalities, house rentals shall not exceed an amount equivalent to an annual interest of 10 per cent on the total declared value of the land and the buildings thereon.
If any house rental already agreed upon exceeds the amount prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the competent Municipal or County (City) Government may compulsorily reduce it to the limit prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

Article 98

Where cash deposit is paid as security for the lease of a house, the interest on such cash deposit shall be deemed as part of the house rental.
The rate of interest referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be the same as that by which the house rental is computed.

Article 99

The cash deposit referred to in the preceding Article shall not exceed the total amount of two months' house rental.
If the cash deposit already paid exceeds the limit prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the lessee may use the excess deposit to counterbalance the house rental.

Article 100

The lessor shall not take back his house unless one of the following conditions obtains:
(1) The lessor takes the house for his own residence or for reconstruction.
(2) The lessee subleases the house in violation of Paragraph one, Article 443 of the Civil Code .
(3) The cumulative amount of house rental which the lessee has failed to pay exceeds the equivalent of two months' rental, after the entire cash deposit has been used to counterbalance the amount in arrears.
(4) The lessee puts the house to illegal use in violation of Acts or ordinances.
(5) The lessee violates the terms of the lease contract.
(6) The lessee causes damage to the house or the fixtures and fails to pay due compensation.

Article 101

Any dispute arising out of the lease of a house may be submitted to the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office for conciliation. Any party to the dispute who refuses to abide by the terms of conciliation may bring the case before the judicial authorities for adjudication.

Article 102

Where a building site is leased for house construction, the lessor and the lessee shall, within two months after the contract is concluded, apply to the competent Municipal or County (City) Government for the registration of the right of superficies over the said site.

Article 103

The lessor shall not take back the site leased for house construction unless one of the following conditions obtains:
(1) The period of the contract has expired.
(2) The lessee puts the site to illegal use in violation of Acts or ordinances.
(3) The lessee subleases the site to another person.
(4) The cumulative amount of the rental which the lessee has failed to pay exceeds the equivalent of two years' rental, after the entire cash deposit has been used to counterbalance the amount in arrears.
(5) The lessee violates the terms of the lease contract.

Article 104

When the building site is offered for sale, the lessee shall have preferential right to purchase it on the same terms as are offered to any other person, and when the house on the leased site is offered for sale, the owner of the site shall have preferential right to purchase it on the same terms as are offered to any other person.
The preferential right referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to have been waived, if the said lessee or owner does not express his intention to make the purchase within ten days upon receipt of the sales notification.

Article 105

The provisions of Articles 97, 99 and 101 shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to the lease of building sites for house construction.

Chapter IV. Lease of Farm Land

Article 106

By lease of farm land shall be meant the use of another person's agricultural land for the purpose of cultivation by oneself by paying a rent therefor.
The term "cultivation" referred to in the preceding paragraph shall include fishing and pasturing.

Article 107

When the lessor offers his farm land for sale or dien, the lessee shall have preferential right to purchase it or accept the dien on the same terms as are offered to any other person.
The provisions of Paragraph two of Article 104 shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to the purchase or dien referred to in the preceding paragraph.

Article 108

The lessee shall not, even with the consent of the lessor, sublease the whole or part of the leased farm land to another person.

Article 109

Any farm lease contract for a definite period shall, unless the lessor takes back the land for his own cultivation on the expiration of the contractual period, be deemed to have been renewed for an indefinite period, if the lessee continues to cultivate the said land.

Article 110

Farm rent shall not exceed 8 per cent of the value of the land. If any contractual or customary rent exceeds 8 per cent of the value of the land, it shall be reduced to 8 per cent; if it is less than 8 per cent, it shall remain unchanged.
"The value of the land" referred to in the preceding paragraph shall mean the statutory value of the land, or, in localities where the value of land has not been assessed according to Act, the average value of the land for the last three years.

Article 111

The lessee of a farm land may, according to custom, pay the rent with farm crops in lieu of cash.

Article 112

The lessor of a farm land shall not collect farm rent in advance. But if cash deposit is payable according to local custom as security for the lease of a farm land, the amount of such deposit shall not exceed one-fourth of the annual rent.
The interest on the cash deposit referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed as part of the farm rent, and its rate shall be determined by the general rate of interest prevailing in the locality.

Article 113

If the lessee is unable to pay the rent in full when due, but pays only a fraction thereof, the lessor shall not refuse to accept such payment, nor shall the lessee presume that the acceptance of such payment indicates the lessor's consent to a reduction of rent.

Article 114

Any farm lease contract for an indefinite period may be terminated only under any one of the following conditions:
(1) Where the lessee dies without leaving an heir.
(2) Where the lessee waives his right of cultivation.
(3) Where the lessor takes back the farm land for his own cultivation.
(4) Where the farm land is to be put to some other specific use in accordance with Act.
(5) Where the lessee violates the provisions of Article 432 and paragraph two of Article 462 of the Civil Code.
(6) Where the lessee violates the provisions of Article 108.
(7) Where the cumulative amount of the rent the lessee has failed to pay is equivalent to the total of two years' rent.

Article 115

If the lessee intends to waive his right of cultivation, he shall declare his intention to the lessor three months in advance. Non-cultivation for one full year by the lessee for any cause other than force majeure shall be considered as a waiver of the right of cultivation.

Article 116

Where a farm lease contract is to be terminated according to the provisions of Sections (3) or (5) of Article 114, the lessor shall notify the lessee of the intended termination one year in advance.

Article 117

Where the farm land taken back by the lessor for his own cultivation is again offered for lease, the original lessee shall have preferential right to accept the lease. Where the said land is again offered for lease within a year from the date when it was taken back by the lessor, the original lessee may acquire the lease on identical terms as those agreed upon in the original lease contract.

Article 118

The lessor shall not exercise the right of retention provided for in Article 445 of the Civil Code over such farm implements, livestock, fertilizers, and farm products of the lessee as are necessary for cultivation.

Article 119

By special improvements on farm land shall be meant improvements resulting from the increased application of labor and capital which, besides preserving the original qualities and utility of the land, increases its productivity or facilitates its cultivation.
The lessee may freely make the special improvements referred to in the preceding paragraph, but he shall notify the lessor of the amount of the outlay incurred thereon.

Article 120

When any farm land is returned to the lessor on the termination of the lease contract according to the provisions of Section (2), (3), (5) or (6) of Article 114, the lessee may claim from the lessor repayment of the outlay incurred on the special improvements referred to in Paragraph two of the preceding Article, but such repayment shall be limited to the cost of that part of the special improvements which has not lost its utility.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis, when the right of perpetual lease (yungtien) is revoked according to the provisions of Articles 845 and 846 of the Civil Code.

Article 121

The lessor of any farm land who supplies the lessee with draft animals, seeds, fertilizers, and other implements of production may, besides conforming to the provisions of Articles 462 and 463 of the Civil Code, charge a reasonable fee therefor in addition to the farm rent, if such fee is stipulated in the lease contract; but such fee shall not exceed an amount equivalent to an annual interest of 10 per cent on the value of the things supplied.

Article 122

Any dispute arising out of the lease of a farm land between the lessor and the lessee may be submitted to the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office for conciliation. Any party to the dispute who refuses to abide by the terms of conciliation may bring the case before the judicial authorities for adjudication.

Article 123

In case of any crop failure, the competent Municipal or County (City) Government may, in the light of actual crop conditions in the current year, make decisions on the reduction or remission of farm rent in the affected localities, but such decisions shall be subject to the approval of the local assembly of people's representatives.

Article 124

The provisions of Articles 107 to 113 inclusive and of Article 121 shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to lands subject to perpetual lease (yungtien).

Chapter V. Use of Uncultivated Land

Article 125

The competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office shall complete within a definite period of time the survey of public uncultivated lands under its jurisdiction and formulate a program for the use of such lands.

Article 126

On public uncultivated lands suitable for cultivation, except those reserved by the government for its own use, the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office shall, in conjunction with the competent agriculture and forestry authorities, delimit reclamation areas, prescribe reclamation units and fix a definite period of time in which to call for settlers.

Article 127

Where private uncultivated lands are purchased by the competent Municipal or County (City) Government according to the provisions of Article 89, they shall be open to settlement after irrigation works and soil improvement have been completed.

Article 128

Settlers on public uncultivated lands shall be limited to citizens of the Republic of China.

Article 129

Settlers on public uncultivated land shall be of the following two types:
(1) Farming cultivated lands themselves.
(2) Agricultural production cooperatives.
The agricultural production cooperatives referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to those that have been duly registered according to Act and whose component members cultivate land themselves.

Article 130

Public uncultivated land to be applied for by a settler shall be limited, in the case of a farming family, to a single reclamation unit, and in the case of an agricultural production cooperative, to such a number of reclamation units as do not exceed the number of its competent farming family members who cultivate land themselves.
Article 131
Any settler shall commence reclamation work within a year from the date when he receives the certificate of reclamation, and the time limit in terms of years for the completion of the reclamation work shall be fixed by the competent agricultural and forestry authorities. If any settler fails to commence reclamation work within the prescribed period, the certificate of reclamation issued to him shall be revoked.

Article 132

If any settler fails to complete the reclamation work within the prescribed time limit, the certificate of reclamation issued to him shall be revoked; but if such failure is due to force majeure, he may request the competent agriculture and forestry authorities for an extension of the time limit.

Article 133

Any settler shall, from the date when the reclamation work is completed, acquired gratis the right of cultivation over the reclaimed land, and shall, in accordance with Act, apply to the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office for the registration of the said right. If he has continued to cultivate such land for ten full years, he shall acquire the ownership thereof gratis.
The right of cultivation referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not be transferred, but this provision shall not apply to inheritance by or donation to legitimate heirs.
The reclaimed land referred to in the first paragraph may be exempted from the land tax for a period of two to eight years at the discretion of the competent Municipal or County (City) Government.

Article 134

Where the reclamation of public uncultivated lands can not be done by farming families or agricultural production cooperatives, a government reclamation office may be established to carry out the reclamation work thereon.

Chapter VI. Land Consolidation

Article 135

The Municipal or County (City) Land Office may, with the approval of its superior authorities, mark out consolidation areas in the territorial limits under its jurisdiction and carry out land consolidation and demarcate anew the plots of land in such areas in any one of the following cases:
(1) Where a city planning project is to be implemented.
(2) Where the plots are so small or so narrow in size as to be unsuitable for purposes of construction.
(3) Where farm lands are so ill distributed as to be unsuitable for farming or unfavorable to drainage and irrigation.
(4) Where scattered small plots are to be exchanged or consolidated to form standard farms.
(5) Where collective farms are to be set up the introduction of mechanical farming.

Article 136

The consolidated plots of land shall be redistributed to their original owners in proportion to the area or value of the original plots, but if, owing to practical difficulties, they cannot be redistributed in exact proportion to the area or value of the original plots, due compensation thereof shall be paid instead.

Article 137

Where plots of land are so small or narrow in size that their area is smaller than the minimum unit prescribed in Article 31, such plots may be abolished as independent units or consolidated by consolidation.

Article 138

In areas subject to consolidation, parks, roads, embankments, dikes, ditches, sewers, and other lands used for public purposes may be put to a different use or abolished, or new ones be set up, by consolidation.

Article 139

After the consolidation of land, the landowners who have sustained loss thereby shall be compensated by those who have gained thereby. The compensation for the value of lands used as roads or for other public purposes shall be paid by the Government.

Article 140

If, within thirty days from the date when any project of land consolidation is announced, objections to the project are raised by more than half of the interested landowners who own among themselves over half of the total area of the lands to be consolidated, excluding public lands, the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office shall immediately report the case to its superior authority for instructions.

Article 141

The land consolidation provided for in Article 135 may be initiated by a joint request of more than half of the landowners who own among themselves over half of the total area of the lands to be consolidated, excluding public lands, and be carried out upon approval by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office.

Article 142

In newly created cities the consolidation of land shall be carried out before the land is offered for development area by area.

Part IV. Land Tax

Chapter I. General Provisions

Article 143

Land and improvements thereon shall be taxed according to the provisions of this Act, unless otherwise exempted from taxation by Act.

Article 144

Land tax shall be of two kinds: the land value tax and the land value increment tax.

Article 145

The value of land and that of improvements thereon shall be separately assessed.

Article 146

Land tax shall be a local tax.

Article 147

No tax or surtax under whatever name shall be imposed on land and improvements thereon except in accordance with the provisions of this Act. But to meet the expenses required for the construction of roads, embankments, dikes, ditches, sewers, or other engineering works on ground or in water for the improvement of land, a "construction benefit charge" may be levied according to Act.

Chapter II. Value of Land and of Improvements Thereon

Article 148

The value of land declared by its owner according to this Act shall be the statutory value of such land.

Article 149

The declaration of the value of land shall be carried out by the Municipal or County (City) Land Office according to the following procedure:
(1) Investigation and assessment of the standard values of lands.
(2) Declaration of the values of lands by their owners.
(3) Compilation of land value rolls.

Article 150

To serve as the basis for the assessment of the standard land value, an investigation by sampling shall be made of the market values or income values of land prevailing during the last two years. The number of plots of land to be investigated by sampling may vary with the number of categories of land involved and with the greater or lesser differences in the values of the plots under investigation.

Article 151

On the basis of the results obtained from the investigation made according to the provisions of the preceding Article, different grades of land values shall be fixed by grouping together plots of land whose values approximate to one another and whose location is mutually adjacent or which belong to the same category; and under each of these grades the average or the median of the market values or income values of those plots of land which are investigated by sampling shall be taken as the average land value of that grade.

Article 152

The average land value of each land value grade shall be publicly announced as the standard land value of that grade by the competent Municipal or County (City) Government upon the request of the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office.

Article 153

The public announcement of the standard land values shall be made district by district, before the general registration of land begins.

Article 154

If any landowner considers the standard land value to be incorrectly assessed, he may, with the concurrence of the majority of the owners of lands of the same land value grade in the same district, raise objections thereto with the competent Municipal or County (City) Government within thirty days after the announcement of the said standard land value.
On receiving the objections raised according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Municipal or County (City) Government shall immediately refer them to the Committee on Standard Land Values for consideration.

Article 155

Rules governing the organization of the Committee on Standard Land Values shall be formulated by the Central Land Administration.
The Committee referred to in the preceding paragraph shall include members representing the local assembly.

Article 156

On applying for the registration of landownership, the landowner shall simultaneously declare the value of his land, which may not be more than 20 per cent either above or below the standard land value.

Article 157

If any landowner considers the standard land value to be too high and declines to declare the value of his land according to the provisions of the preceding Article, he may request the competent Municipal or County (City) Government to purchase his land at the said standard land value.

Article 158

If, on applying for the registration of landownership, any landowner fails to declare the value of his land simultaneously, the standard land value shall be taken as the statutory value of his land.

Article 159

When the declaration of land values is completed in any Municipality or County (City), land value rolls and general registers of landowners shall be compiled and transmitted to the competent financial authorities of the Municipality or County (City).

Article 160

The value of land may be re-assessed after the lapse of five full years since its declaration, or after the lapse of one full year since its declaration if the land value fluctuates by more than 50 per cent either above or below the standard land value; and the provisions of Articles 150 to 152 inclusive and of Article 154 to 156 inclusive shall apply in such re-assessment.

Article 161

The value of constructional improvements shall be assessed by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office at the time when the value of land is assessed.

Article 162

The value of constructional improvements shall be assessed on the basis of the expenses required for the construction, at the time of assessment, of the same improvements , minus the depreciation caused by the lapse of time.

Article 163

In the re-assessment of the value of the original constructional improvements, additional improvements made thereto shall be considered as part of the original improvements, but repairs made for the maintenance of the original improvements in a sound condition shall not be regarded as additional improvements.

Article 164

The assessed value of improvements shall be submitted by the Municipal or County (City) Land Office to the Committee on Standard Land Values for confirmation. The values confirmed by the said Committee shall be reported to the competent Municipal or County (City) Government to be publicly announced as the statutory values of such improvements, and the owners of such improvements shall be individually notified in writing of the respective statutory values by the Municipal or County (City) Land Office.

Article 165

If any recipient of the notification made according to the preceding Article takes exception to the value confirmed, he may, within thirty days after the receipt of such notification, request the Committee on Standard Land Values to make a re-assessment.

Article 166

The value of constructional improvements may be re-assessed when the value of land is re-assessed.

Chapter III. Land Value Tax

Article 167

The land value tax shall be levied once every year on the basis of the statutory land value. Payment thereof may, if necessary, be made in two installments.

Article 168

The land value tax shall be levied according to a progressive scale on the basis of the statutory land value.

Article 169

The basic rate of the land value tax shall be 1.5 per cent of the statutory land value.

Article 170

Where the total value of all the lands owned by any landowner does not exceed the initial point of land value subject to progressive rates, the land value tax on his lands shall be levied according to the basic rate prescribed in the preceding Article. Where the total value of all the lands owned by any landowner exceeds the initial point of land value subject to progressive rates, the land value tax on that part of the total value of his lands which exceeds the said initial point shall be levied according to the following progressive rates:
(1) Where the total land value exceeds the said initial point by no more than 500 per cent, a rate of 0.2 per cent in addition to the basic rate shall be levied on that part of the total land value which exceeds the initial point.
(2) Where the total land value exceeds the said initial point by no more than 1,000 per cent, another rate of 0.3 per cent in addition to the rates prescribed in the preceding section shall be levied on that part of the total land value which exceeds the initial point by more than 500 per cent.
(3) Where the total land value exceeds the said initial point by no more than 1,500 per cent, a still another rate of 0.5 per cent in addition to the rates prescribed in the preceding section shall be levied on that part of the total land value which exceeds the initial point by more than 1,000 per cent. Thereafter, another rate of 0.5 per cent in addition to all the preceding rates shall be levied on every additional 500 per cent increase in the total land value, until the total cumulative rate has reached the maximum limit of 5 per cent.

Article 171

The initial point of land value subject to progressive rates referred to in the preceding Article shall be fixed by the Municipal or County (City) Government, with due consideration of the area of land necessary for the owner's dwelling or cultivation and in the light of land values and local economic conditions; and the initial point of land value so fixed shall be submitted to the Executive Yuan for approval.

Article 172

The land value tax shall be levied on the landowner. In the case of any land subject to dien, the said tax shall be paid by the dien-holder.

Article 173

Where a private vacant land is not duly used after the expiration of the time limit within which it is required to be duly used, a vacant land tax shall be imposed on the said land in addition to the land value tax, until it is duly used according to the Act.
The vacant land tax referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not be less than three times, or more than ten times, the land value tax leviable on the said land.

Article 174

Where a private uncultivated land is not duly used after the expiration of the time within which it is required to be duly used, an uncultivated land tax shall be imposed on the said land in addition to the land value tax, until it is duly used according to law.
The uncultivated land tax referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not be less than the amount of, or more than three times, the land value tax leviable on the said land.

Article 175

Cancelled.

Chapter IV. Land Value Increment Tax

Article 176

The land value increment tax shall be levied on the basis of the net increment of the value of land, when the ownership thereof is transferred, or after the lapse of ten full years though the ownership thereof has not been transferred.
The period of ten full years referred to in the preceding paragraph shall begin from the date when the value of land is assessed for the first time according to Act.

Article 177

In areas where the construction works referred to in Article 147 are executed, the land value increment tax shall be levied after the lapse of five full years since the completion of such work.

Article 178

The gross increment of the value of land shall be determined according to the following provisions:
(1) Where any land which has undergone no transfer since the assessment of its value is transferred by a sale without the right of redemption, the amount by which its present sales price exceeds its value originally assessed shall be taken as the gross increment of the value of such land.
(2) Where any land which has undergone no transfer since the assessment of its value is transferred through inheritance or donation, the amount by which its value assessed at the time of the transfer exceeds its value originally assessed shall be taken as the gross increment of the value of such land.
(3) Where any land which has undergone transfers since the assessment of its value is transferred again, the amount by which its value at the present transfer exceeds its value at the penultimate transfer shall be taken as the gross increment of the value of such land.

Article 179

"The value of land originally assessed" and "the value of land at the penultimate transfer" referred to in the preceding Article shall be called the original value of land.
In case a violent fluctuation of commodity prices occurs, the original value of land mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be adjusted according to the local price index by the Municipal or County (City) financial authorities and with the concurrence of the local assembly.

Article 180

The gross increment of the value of any land minus the amount of tax remission shall be the net increment of the value of such land.

Article 181

The land value increment tax shall be levied at the following rates:
(1) Where the net increment of the value of any land is no more than 100 per cent of the original value of such land, the rate shall be 20 per cent of the net increment.
(2) Where the net increment of the value of any land is no more than 200 per cent of the original value of such land, the rate shall be 40 per cent of that part of the net increment which exceeds the original value by more than 100 per cent, aside from the rate prescribed in the preceding section.
(3) Where the net increment of the value of any land is no more than 300 per cent of the original value of such land, the rate shall be 60 per cent of that part of the net increment which exceeds the original value by more than 200 per cent, aside from the rates prescribed in the preceding section.
(4) Where the net increment of the value of any land is over 300 per cent of the original value of such land, the rate shall be 80 per cent of that part of the net increment which exceeds the original value by more than 300 per cent, aside from the rates prescribed in the preceding section.

Article 182

Where the ownership of any land is transferred by a sale without the right of redemption, the land value increment tax shall be levied on the seller. Where the ownership of any land is transferred through inheritance or donation, the said tax shall be levied on the heir or donee, as the case may be.

Article 183

Where any land has undergone no transfer after the lapse of ten full years since the assessment of its value, or after the lapse of five years since the completion of the construction works which have been carried on in the area where the said land is located, the land value increment tax shall be levied on the landowner.
If the land referred to in the preceding paragraph is subject to dien, the land value increment tax shall be levied on the dien-holder, but the dien-obligor shall refund the payment thereof without interest to the dien-holder when the dien- obligor redeems the land.
Article 184
In computing the net increment of the land value, the capital expenses incurred by the landowner for the improvement of his land and the "construction benefit charge" paid by him shall, if any, be deducted from the gross increment of the value of his land.

Chapter V. Tax on Improvements on Land

Article 185

Constructional improvements may be taxed annually according to their assessed values, and the maximum tax rate shall not exceed one per cent thereof.

Article 186

The tax on constructional improvements shall be levied simultaneously with the land value tax, and the provisions of Article 172 shall apply mutatis mutandis.

Article 187

Where constructional improvements are used as the owner's dwelling house, they shall be exempted from taxation.

Article 188

Agricultural improvements shall not be subject to taxation.

Article 189

In localities where the value of land is generally less than 500 (silver) dollars per mow , all constructional improvements shall be exempted from taxation.

Article 190

The entire tax on improvements on land shall be a local tax.

Chapter VI. Reduction and Remission of Land Tax

Article 191

Public lands and public constructional improvements shall be exempted from the land tax and the tax on improvements, unless they are used by government enterprises or are not used for public purposes.
Article 192
The tax on private lands used for any one of the following purposes may be reduced or remitted upon approval by the Executive Yuan of a joint request made by the Ministry of Finance and the Central Land Administration.
(1) Premises for schools and academic institutions.
(2) Parks and public athletic grounds.
(3) Experimental stations for agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry.
(4) Forest land.
(5) Premises for public hospitals.
(6) Public cemeteries.
(7) Other lands used by non-profit undertakings for the promotion of public welfare.

Article 193

On the occurrence of a calamity in any locality or for the purpose of making social and economic readjustments, the Ministry of Finance and the Central Land Administration may jointly request the Executive Yuan to approve the remission or reduction of the land tax in the affected area for the duration of the said calamity or readjustment.

Article 194

Any land which is reserved for compulsory purchase or whose use is restricted by Act shall be exempted from taxation, unless the said land can be used for its original purpose during the period in which it is reserved for compulsory purchase.

Article 195

Any land which is not utilizable owing to its physical condition or for technical reasons, or which is in process of being reclaimed, shall be exempted from the land value tax upon approval by the Executive Yuan of a joint request made by the Ministry of Finance and the Central Land Administration.

Article 196

No land value increment tax shall be levied on any land when the transfer of its ownership is necessitated by compulsory purchase or land consolidation.

Article 197

No land value increment tax shall be levied on any lands owned by a farmer which are used for his own cultivation and residence, if they remain untransferred after the lapse of ten full years since the assessment of their value.

Article 198

No land value increment tax shall be levied on any farm land, when its value appreciates as a result of the application of labor and capital by the farmer.

Article 199

Any land on which tax has been reduced or remitted shall be taxed as usual, when the cause or circumstance which justifies such reduction or remission changes or disappears.

Chapter VII. Tax Delinquency

Article 200

If any land value tax is not paid when due, a fine of no more than 2 per cent of the amount overdue shall be imposed for every month of delinquency, beginning from the date when it is overdue, and, for this purpose, a fraction of a month shall be considered as a full month.

Article 201

When the cumulative amount of the land value tax overdue is equal to the amount of the said tax leviable in two years, the competent Municipal or County (City) financial authorities may notify the Municipal or County (City) Land Office to turn over to the judicial authorities for sale by auction both the land on which the tax is overdue and a portion or the whole of the improvements thereon. The proceeds therefrom shall be used to offset the amount of the tax overdue and the surplus, if any, shall be handed back to the delinquent taxpayer.

Article 202

In case any land is to be sold by auction according to the provisions of the preceding Article, the judicial authorities shall serve a written notice thereof to the owner of the said land thirty days before the auction.

Article 203

If, on receipt of the notice referred to in the preceding Article, the landowner furnishes adequate security for the payment of the tax overdue, the judicial authorities may order a postponement of the auction.
The period of the postponement referred to in the preceding paragraph, shall not be longer than one year.

Article 204

Where the land on which the land value tax is overdue yields incomes, the competent Municipal or County (City) financial authorities may notify the Municipal or County (City) Land Office to collect such incomes for the purpose of offsetting the amount of the tax overdue, instead of selling the land by auction.
The collection of incomes referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be effected only when the cumulative amount of the tax overdue is equal to the mount of the said tax leviable in one year.
The amount of the incomes collected according to the previsions of Paragraph one shall be limited to such a sum as is enough to offset the amount of the tax overdue.
Article 205
If any land value increment tax is not duly paid according to Act, a fine shall be imposed according to the provisions of Article 200.

Article 206

When any land value increment tax is overdue for one full year, the competent Municipal or County (City) financial authorities may notify the Municipal or County (City) Land Office to turn over the land and a portion or the whole of the improvements thereon to the judicial authorities for sale by auction. The proceeds therefrom shall be used to offset the amount of the tax overdue and the surplus, if any, shall be handed back to the delinquent taxpayer.
The provisions of Articles 202 and 203 shall apply to the auction referred to in the preceding paragraph.

Article 207

The provisions of various Articles in this Chapter concerning the land value tax overdue, shall mutatis Mutandis, apply to any tax overdue on construction improvements.

Part V. Compulsory Purchase of Land

Chapter I. General Provisions

Article 208

To meet the requirements of the following public undertakings the State may compulsorily purchase private land according to the Provisions of this Act, but the area of land to be compulsorily purchased shall be limited to what is strictly required for the said undertakings:
(1) Installations of national defense.
(2) Communication enterprises.
(3) Public utility enterprises.
(4) Water conservancy enterprises.
(5) Public health.
(6) Government office buildings, office buildings of local self-governing bodies and other public buildings.
(7) Educational, academic, and philanthropic undertakings.
(8) Enterprises operated by the State.
(9) Other undertakings sponsored by the Government in the public interest.

Article 209

For the implementation of national economic policies, the government may compulsorily purchase private land, provided that such compulsory purchase is provided for by law.

Article 210

Scenic spots and historic remains shall not, as far as possible, be compulsorily purchased.
Scenic spots and historic remains that have been included in the area to be compulsorily purchased shall, as far as possible, be preserved.

Article 211

In applying for the compulsory purchase of land, the applicant shall show evidence that the undertaking sponsored has been authorized by law or decree.

Article 212

Zone purchase may be effected in the compulsory purchase of land for any one of the following purposes:
(1) For the implementation of national economic policies.
(2) For the creation of new cities and municipalities.
(3) For the promotion of undertaking specified in Section (1) or (3) of Article 208.
Zone purchase referred to in the preceding paragraph shall mean the compulsory purchase of all the lands within a given area, whereof replanning and consolidation are required.

Article 213

Lands may be reserved for compulsory purchase for any one of the following undertakings:
 The opening of communication lines.
The promotion of public utility enterprises.
The creation of new cities and municipalities.
The installation of national defense.
Land reserved for compulsory purchase, as referred to in the preceding paragraph, shall mean those lands that are to be required by the said undertakings for their future use and are prior to their actual use approved, upon the request of the organization responsible for the said undertakings, and publicly announced by the competent authorities as lands that are subject to compulsory purchase in future and shall not be put to any use that hinders their eventual compulsory purchase.

Article 214

The period in which any land is reserved for compulsory purchase according to the provisions of the preceding Article shall not exceed three years. Failure to effect compulsory purchase within the said time limit shall result in the cancellation of the reservation. But in the case of any undertaking mentioned in Section (1) or (4) of the preceding Article, the period in which any land is reserved for compulsory purchase may be extended with the approval of the competent authorities upon the request of the agency responsible for the said undertakings, provided that the period thus extended be no longer than five years.

Article 215

When any land is compulsorily purchased, all improvements thereon shall also be so purchased, unless any one of the following conditions applies:
(1) There exists any provision to the contrary.
(2) The owner of the said improvements requests to remove them and to effect the removal himself.
(3) The constructional improvements thereon were built when the Act provided did not allow such construction.
(4) The types and volume of the agricultural improvements are not in conformity with normal cultivation conditions.
Identification of conditions (3) and (4) above shall be undertaken by the Municipal or County (City) Land Office together with other government authorities concerned.
After the expiration of the period of public announcement for compulsory purchase, the Municipal or County (City) Land Office may notify the landowners or users of the improvements referred to in conditions (3) and (4) above to demolish or to remove the said improvements within a time limit. After the expiration of the prescribed time limit, the Municipal or County (City) Land Office may dispose of them without compensation.

Article 216

In case the use of a compulsorily purchased land produces such adverse effects on the adjacent land as to make it unfit for its original utilization or to impair the efficiency of its original utilization, the owner of the adjacent land may demand due compensation from the user of the compulsorily purchased land.
The compensation referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not exceed the mount of depreciation in the value of the adjacent land caused by the use to which the compulsorily purchased land is put.

Article 217

In case the remaining portion of a compulsorily purchased land is unsuitable for proper use owing to the smallness of its size or the irregularity of its shape, its owner may request, within six months after the expiration of the period of public announcement, that it be compulsorily purchased altogether.

Article 218

Cancelled.

Article 219

The original owner of a compulsorily purchased private land may, within six years of the day following the completion of the payment of compensation, apply to the Municipal or County (City) Land Office for its redemption at the purchase price originally paid him, if any one of the following conditions applies:
(1) It is not used according to the approved plan one year after the completion of the payment of compensation.
(2) It is not used for the undertaking of the business of which compulsory purchase was originally approved.
The competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office shall submit all applications that are found upon examination to be covered by the preceding paragraph to the original approving authority for approval, and shall then notify the original landowners to pay back the original amount of the compensation within six months. The redemption right shall be deemed to have been waived if the said original landowner does not exert his right after the expiration of the time limit.
If the said original landowner is responsible for the matter referred to in Section (1) of Paragraph one, he cannot apply to redeem his land.
After private land has been compulsorily purchased and used according to the approved plan, if its use is changed according to the city planning project, the public authority, which is entrusted with the care of the land, shall publicly announce for one month whenever the said authority plans to sell the land by public tender. The said original landowner or his inheritor shall have the preferential right to purchase the said land on the same terms as are bid by any other person. But the preferential right shall be deemed to have been waived if the landowner or his inheritor does not express his intention to make the purchase within ten days of the closing of the public tender.

Article 220

Land that is being currently used for any of those undertakings enumerated in the different Sections of Article 208 shall not be compulsorily purchased, unless its compulsory purchase is unavoidable for the promotion of some more important undertaking. However, this provision shall not prevent the compulsory purchase of a small portion of the land so used, if such purchase does not hinder in any way the continued development of the present undertaking.

Article 221

The liabilities borne by any land under compulsory purchase shall be liquidated, and the amount of the liabilities so liquidated shall be limited to the amount of compensations payable for the said land and shall be paid off by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office when the said compensations are paid.

Chapter II. Procedure of Compulsory Purchase

Article 222

The compulsory purchase of land shall be subject to the approval of the Executive Yuan.

Article 223

Cancelled.

Article 224

In applying for the compulsory purchase of land, the applicant shall prepare a detailed project of compulsory purchase, a map with explanatory notes of the land to be compulsorily purchased and a blueprint showing how the land it to be used, and submit them for approval according to the provisions of the preceding two Articles.

Article 225

Upon the approval of any application for the compulsory purchase of land, the Central Land Office shall transmit all the details of the case to the Land Office of the competent Municipality or County (City) where the land is situated.

Article 226

In case two or more applicants apply for the compulsory purchase of the same land, the comparative importance of the undertakings sponsored shall be the criterion whereby approval is to be granted. In case the nature of the undertakings sponsored happens to be of equal importance, the order in which the applications have been made shall be the criterion whereby approval is to be granted.

Article 227

On receipt of instructions from the Central Land Office concerning the approval of any application for the compulsory purchase of land, the Municipal or County (City) Land Office shall make a public announcement thereon and notify the owner of the said land and other obligees having rights over it accordingly.
The period of the public announcement referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be 30 days.
Any person with interests in such land may raise objections thereto by submitting a written statement to the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office within the announcement period.

Article 228

In case the land to be compulsorily purchased is a land whereof the registration of ownership is completed, only such land ownership or other rights over it shall be recognized as are recorded in the land register on the last day when the period of public announcement expires, unless the land ownership or other rights have been acquired through inheritance, special performance or judicial decision, and the matter has been referred to the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office for record.
In case the land to be compulsorily purchased is a land whereof the registration of ownership is not yet completed, the holders of other rights over it shall, within the expiration of the period of public announcement referred to in the preceding Article, apply to the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office for the official recording of their rights.

Article 229

In case the land to be compulsorily purchased is a land whereof the registration of ownership is not yet completed according to Act and over which the holders of other rights fail to apply for the recording of their rights according to the provisions of the preceding Article, such rights shall not be regarded as liabilities borne by the land under compulsory purchase.

Article 230

The competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office requiring the use of the land to be compulsorily purchased may, after the public announcement has been made, go onto the land to make inspections or surveying. But in making inspections or surveying in buildings or on land with obstacles, the owners or users have to be informed in advance.

Article 231

The applicant requiring the use of the land to be compulsorily purchased shall not go unto the said land to begin construction work before the compensation for the land value and other compensations have been fully paid. But this provision shall not apply to the urgent need of the undertakings of water conservancy enterprises based on the ground of public security.

Article 232

After public announcement has been made of the impending compulsory purchase of any land, neither the transfer of ownership nor the creation of encumbrance shall be implemented, unless the land ownership or other rights over land have been acquired through inheritance, special performance or judicial decision, and the registration of their rights has been applied for within the period of the public announcement. The landowner or user shall not add any improvement thereon, and the construction of any improvement which is in progress at the time of the public announcement, shall cease immediately.
But if the competent Municipality or County (City) Land Office considers that the addition or continued construction of the improvements, referred to in the preceding paragraph, will not hinder the execution of the compulsory purchase project, special permission may be given, at the request of the obligee concerned, for the addition or continued construction of such improvements.

Article 233

Compensation for the value of a compulsorily purchased land and other compensations therefor shall be paid within 15 days after the expiration of the period of public announcement. But in the case of lands compulsorily purchased for the implementation of national economic policies or for those undertakings mentioned in Section (1), (2) or (4) of Article 208, the compensations may be paid, upon approval of the Executive Yuan, partly with land bonds.

Article 234

After all the compensations for a compulsorily purchased land have been duly paid, the Municipality or County (City) Land Office may fix a time limit within which the said land shall be vacated by the original obligee or user thereof.

Article 235

The rights and obligations of the original owner in respect of his land that is compulsorily purchased shall terminate when the compensations he is entitled to are paid in full. Pending the full payment of the said compensations, he shall have the right to continue to use the said land except in those cases covered by the proviso of Paragraph one of Article 231.

Chapter III. Compensations for Compulsory Purchase

Article 236

Compensation for land value, other compensations, and removal fees to be paid for the compulsorily purchased land shall be fixed by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office.
Compensation for land value, other compensations, and removal fees referred to in the preceding paragraph shall all be borne by the applicant requiring the use of the land to be compulsorily purchased and shall be paid through the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office.

Article 237

In effecting the payment of the compensation for land value and other compensations, the Municipal or County (City) Land Office may deposit the sum of money in the local court in either of the following cases:
(1) In case the rightful recipient refuses or is unable to accept the payment.
(2) In case the whereabouts of the rightful recipient is unknown.
The deposit of money in the local court, referred to in (2) above, shall be made in the names, and to the addresses, of the landowners or the holders of other rights over the land registered in the land registry.

Article 238

Under any one of the following conditions, the Municipal or County (City) Land Office may remove the improvements on a compulsorily purchased land on behalf of their owners or purchase them together with the land:
(1) If the rightful recipient of the removal fee refuses or is unable to accept the payment.
(2) If the whereabouts of the rightful recipient of the removal fee is unknown.
(3) If the rightful recipient of the removal fee fails to remove the said improvements within the prescribed time limit.

Article 239

The compensation for land value payable for the land to be compulsorily purchased shall be determined according to the following provisions:
(1) Where the value of the land to be compulsorily purchased has been assessed according to Act and the ownership thereof has undergone no transfer, the compensation therefor shall be based on its statutory value.
(2) Where the value of the land to be compulsorily purchased has been assessed according to Act and the ownership thereof has been transferred, the compensation therefor shall be based on its value at the last transfer.
(3) Where the value of the land to be compulsorily purchased has not been assessed according to Act, the compensation therefor shall be based on the land value as assessed by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office.

Article 240

The compensation for the value of land reserved for compulsory purchase shall be based on its value at the time of compulsory purchase.

Article 241

The compensation for improvements on land that are compulsorily purchased shall be based on their value as assessed by the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office.

Article 242

Where the agricultural improvements on a compulsorily purchased land are also compulsorily purchased and where the yields thereof are due to ripen within one year from the date of compulsory purchase the compensation for such improvements shall be based on the assessed value of the ripened yields. Where the yields thereof are due to ripen more than one year from the date of compulsory purchase the compensation for such improvements shall be based on the expenses of their planting and cultivation at current value.

Article 243

Cancelled.

Article 244

A due amount of removal fee shall be paid for the removal of the improvements on any land if such improvements thereon have to be removed elsewhere as a result of the compulsory purchase of the said land.

Article 245

In case all the improvements on any land have to be removed elsewhere owing to the compulsory purchase of a part of the said land, the owner of the said improvements may request that removal fee be paid him for all the improvements .

Article 246

Where graves and other commemorative objects on a compulsorily purchased land have to be removed elsewhere, the removal fee payable therefor shall be the same as that payable for the removal of improvements therefrom.
The applicant requiring the use of the land to be compulsorily purchased shall have all ownerless graves thereon safely removed and re-interred elsewhere, and make a detailed statement in tabulated form there-anent and submit it to the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office for record.

Article 247

In case any objection should be raised as to the amount of compensation fixed according to the provisions of Article 239, 241, or 242, the competent Municipal or County (City) Land Office shall refer the matter to the Committee on Standard Land Values for decision.

Chapter 1. General Regulations

Article 1

This act is constituted so as to manage the real estate broking, to establish the order of the sale of property, to protect the
interests of the clients, and to promote a sound development of the real estate market.

Article 2

The management of broking is carried out in accordance with this act. Any other regulations of related law shall apply to what
this act does not specify.

Article 3

The administrative office termed in this act is Ministry of Interior in the central government, Land Administration Office of the
municipal government in a special municipality, or a county (municipal) government.

Article 4

The definitions of the terms employed in this act are as follows:
i. Property, which means a fixed object on the land or a house and the right of transferring its ownership. “House” refers to
a readily available house or a presale house and the right of transferring its ownership.
ii. Readily Available House, which means a licensed building or a building of which the construction had been finished before
building management was put into practice.
iii. Presale House, which means a licensed building that has not finished being constructed and shall become the trading object
as soon as its construction is done.
iv. Broking Agency, which refers to the company or incorporation dealing with real estate broking or sales stipulated by the
regulations of Real Estate Broking Management Act.
v. Broking, which means acting as go-between or representative in the sale, exchange, tenancy of property.
vi. Sale, which means being commissioned by tenant-builders or the building industry to undertake the plan for the sale of
property and assuming the representative position in the sale.
vii. Broking Agent, which refers to a broker or an assistant broker. The job of a broker is to deal with broking or the sale of
property while that of an assistant broker is to help the broker with the broking or selling businesses.
viii. Franchise, which means that, according to the contract signed by two broking agencies, one party, allowed to use the
service, the mode of operation, the business trademark or the service logo developed by the other party, shall be managed and
supervised by the other party.
ix. Price Difference, which refers to the difference between the price at which the property is actually sold and the price
requested on commission.
x. Business Office, which refers to a real estate broker’s or salesperson’s shop, office, or extraordinary fixed location.

Chapter 2. Broking Agency

Article 5

(1)After being issued a permit by the administrative office, a real estate broking agency shall be registered as a company or a
profit-going legal person according to law. The broking agency dealing with the broking business and sale of foreign property
shall be registered as a company according to law.
(2)The administration office in the central government decides upon the requisite items for the permit and documents necessary
for the aforementioned application..
(3)The broking agency should enter the location of its business office in the records of the local government or the municipal
government of a special municipality.

Article 6

(1) One of the following situations will not apply for a permit for operation. Permitted though he or she has been, the permit
shall be nullified.
i. Being an incompetent person or a person limited in disposing capacity.
ii. Going bankrupt and having not rehabilitated oneself.
iii. Committing fraud, breach of trust, crime of misappropriation, article 2 of Prevention of Sexual Aggression, and article 3(1)
and 3(2), article 6, and article 9 of Prevention of Organized Crime, which results in a conclusive judgment of more than a year
of fixed-term imprisonment. Being still imprisoned or having been pardoned or been out of prison for fewer than three years.
Nevertheless, being on probation is excluded from limitation.
vi. Accepting a conclusive judgment of reformatory education, still receiving reformatory education, or not having been for
three years since the close of reformatory education.
v. Having managed a broking agency of which the permit has been nullified by the administration office; not having been for
five years since the first day when the permit was nullified. Nevertheless excluded from this regulation are those who have not
started their business beyond the specified time set by Article 7(1) or those who suspend their own business by themselves.
vi. Suspension of business ordered by Article 29 and not having come to an end yet.
vii. Suspension of business ordered by Article 31 and not having come to an end yet, or not having been for five years since
the certificate of a broker was nullified.
(2)After the business registration of a broking agency, the boss, the director, the supervisor or the manager of it is found in one
of the aforementioned situations, the administration office shall order that improvement over the broking agency be done
within a given time limit. Should there still be no improvement beyond the specified time, the permit of the broking agency
shall be abolished and the administration office in charge of the business registration of the broking agency will be informed
that its business registration shall be abolished.

Article 7

(1)After being issued a permit by the administration office, a real estate broking agency shall be registered as a company or a
profit-going legal person, and enter the local business association, and then begin operation. Operation shall begin within six
months. If the operation has not started beyond six months, the administration office shall nullify the permit of the company.
To extend the permit with a proper reason is to be accepted. The exhibition period is three months.
(2)After being permitted by the administration office, the aforementioned broking may organize a business association of
broking or sale or a national business union according to the nature of business.
(3)After business registration, a broking agency should pay guaranty bond of operation according to the regulation of the
central administration office. If the guaranty bond that the broking agency should pay exceeds a certain amount of money, a
letter of guaranty provided by a financial institution shall guarantee this excess.
(4)The central administration office shall specify the aforementioned guaranty bond and the way of paying it or offering
guaranty.
(5)Besides the payment of the aforementioned guaranty bond, the broking agency shall apply to the aforementioned national
business union for the extra payment amount or the correspondence of guaranty provided by a financial institution.
(6)After the aforementioned national business union shall make the ethics principle of broking agency submitted to and passed
by the member conference, one shall report to records of the central government.

Article 8

(1)The aforementioned guaranty bond shall be deposited in the special account of guaranty bond opened in the financial
institution named by the national business union together with the Republic of China Business Associations of Broking or
Sale. A committee of management shall be organized to keep in charge of the account. The fruits generated by the bond shall
be spent on a sound development of the real estate broking system.
(2)The members of the aforementioned committee of management are to be chosen out of broking. The number of the brokers
acting as committee members shall not exceed two-fifths of the total number of the committee members. The central
administration office shall specify the management regulations of the bond and the organization of the committee of
management.
(3)Unless this act specifies otherwise, the guaranty bond shall not be spent under no circumstances other than Article 26(4).
(4)If the guaranty bond a broking agency pays respectively are below the amount specified by Article 7(3), the national
business union together with the Republic of China Business Associations of Broking or Sale shall inform that the agency shall
make up the payment within a month.

Article 9

(1)The guaranty bond shall be independent of broking agencies and brokers. Unless this act specifies otherwise, the guaranty
bond shall not be transferred, held in custody, and set off, or shall not bear a joint liability for the repayment of a debt due to the
broker’s relationship of credit.
(2)Owing to the mergence of broking agencies or the change of the organization of broking agencies, the right of the guaranty
bond should be transferred to the new broking agency. Applying for the dissolution of a broking agency, the original broking
agency may begin requesting a return of the guaranty bond exclusive of the fruits generated from the guaranty bond one year
after dissolution is permitted. Such a request of refund shall be presented within the following two years.

Article 10

Local business associations should report the situations of the members’ entrance into business associations, suspension of
rights, and withdrawal from business associations to local administration offices that shall transfer these reports to the records
of the central administration office.

Article 11

A broking agency should install at least a broker in a business office. Nevertheless, a broking agency should install at least a
professional broker in an extraordinary business office, which makes over six trillion NT dollars.
A broker shall be added to every additional twenty assistant brokers in a business office.

Article 12

Within the first fifteen days of the brokers’ report for duty, a broking agency should report the name list of brokers to local
administration offices that shall transfer these reports to the records of the central administration office. When a change in
personnel happens, the same thing shall be done.

Chapter 3. Broking Agents

Article 13

(1)The citizen who has passed the qualification examination of real estate brokers and who is issued a certificate of a real estate
broker according to Real Estate Broking Management Act may serve as a real estate broker.
(2)Whoever has passed the qualification training of real estate assistant brokers or the qualification examination of brokers
sponsored by the institution designated by the central administration office or institution organization acknowledged by the
central administration office and may serve as an assistant real estate broker. The rules of the qualification examination of real
estate assistant brokers are to be made by the central administration office.
(3)The training of aforementioned real estate assistant brokers shall not be less than thirty hours, whose certificates are valid for
four years. Expired, assistant brokers shall submit to the certified document of thirty-hours professional training program to the
institution or organization, and register on the institution or organization designated by the central government.
(4)The central administration office shall make the aforementioned fee of registration and certificate.
(5)The rules of acknowledging qualification and process of institution, the rule of abolishing acknowledgment, the training
qualification, training program and the fee of the assistant, and other obeyed rules shall be made by the central administration
office

Article 14

(1)Those who have passed the qualification examination of real estate brokers should have more than one year of experience in
working as assistant brokers before they apply to local governments for certificates of brokers.
(2)The aforementioned experience in working as an assistant broker shall be acknowledged according to one of the following
situations.
i . Having acquired the qualification of an assistant broker and having an income tax payment report of a real estate broker or a
salesperson.
ii .Having worked as a real estate broker or a salesperson and having an income tax payment report before the announcement
of Real Estate Broking Management Regulations.
(3)Those who are found in one of the situations specified in Article 6 (1) I~ iv or in Article 6(1) vii shall not serve as brokers.
If they have already been brokers, their certificates or licenses shall be nullified or be abolished.

Article 15

(1)The aforementioned certificate of a real estate broker is valid for four years. Expired, a new one shall be applied for to local
governments by submitting the certified documents of the broker’s thirty-hour professional training program taken in the
institution acknowledged by the central administration office within the latest four years.
(2)The rules of acknowledging the institution and organization qualifications, process of acknowledgement, training program
and abolition of acknowledgement shall be made by the central administration office.

Article 16

A broker should work exclusively for one broking agency and shall not work for himself or herself or other agencies for
broking and sale. Should the agency to which he or she belongs agrees that he or she may work for other broking agencies, this
article shall not apply to him or her.

Article 17

The broking agency shall not employ those who are not equipped with the qualification of a real estate broker for broking or
sale.

Chapter 4. Work and Duty

Article 18

The permit of a broking agency, the documents related to the broking and sale of property, and the brokers’ certificates
should be displayed in an obvious place in the business office. A franchised agency should make its franchise noted.

Article 19

A broking agency or a broker shall not receive any price difference or other repayment. The broking agency should receive the
standard repayment out of the real fixing price or rental specified by the central administration office. Violating this regulation,
the broking agency or the broker should pay back the payer double the price difference or other repayment that has already been
received plus interests.

Article 20

A broking agency should display the criteria of repayment and the way of receiving it in an obvious place in the business
office.

Article 21

After a broking agency signs a contract with the client, the broking agency may advertise and begin dealing with sale.
The aforementioned advertisement and sale should coincide with reality and the title of the broking agency should be noted.
Should the advertisement and sale not coincide with reality, the broking agency shall pay for the loss.

Article 22

(1)The sale and purchase, trade, lease or representative in the sale of real estate are dealt with broking or the sale of property by
a broking agent. The broker designated by the broking agency should sign the following documents.
i. An entrusted contract of renting or selling property.
ii. An offering document of rental and purchase.
iii. A receipt of earnest.
iv. A draft of the advertisement of property.
v. An instruction of property.
vi. A contract of the sale and purchase, or the lease of property.
(2)The aforementioned article 22(1)( i.),(ii) shall not apply to a real estate salesperson.
(3)The central administration office shall decide on what should be described in the instruction as to the aforementioned article
22(1)(v) and what should not.

Article 23

While at work, the broker should explain the instruction of property to the counterpart with whom the trustor deals. Before the
explanation of the aforementioned instruction, the trustor should sign it.

Article 24

When the clients of both parties sign the contract of rental or sale and purchase, the broker should submit theinstruction to the counterpart with whom the trustor deals and the counterpart shall sign on it.
The aforementioned instruction is regarded as part of the contract of rental or sale and purchase.

Article 24-1

(1)For trading and rental of Appointed Cases, a brokerage agency should declare the real estate transaction information to the administration office after signing the trading contract and completing the ownership transaction registration or the signing of the rental contract within 30days.
(2)For the consigned case of tenant-builders or the building industry, a sale agency should declare the real estate transaction information to the administration office at the expiration of the consigned contract or termination within 30 days.
(3)Upon accepting the declared real transaction information in the preceding two paragraphs, the central administration office may authorize its subordinate authority to handle the matter.
(4)Except for personal information, the government may utilize the registered transaction information of the preceding three paragraphs to provide the district a basis of the real estate transaction information for inquiry without revealing personal data.
(5)The registered real estate transaction price information shall become a basis for taxation only until complementary laws are enacted.
(6) Rules of the registered types and contents in the preceding first and second paragraphs and the provision of information contents, ways, fees and other matters to follow in the preceding fourth paragraph shall be formulated by the central administration office.

Article 24-2

A brokerage agency by trading or rental of parties in a written agreement, may accept both commissions and practice in accordance with the following prescriptions:
i. Provide fair prices to the parties similar to the real estate transaction prices.
ii. Provide fair contract description to the parties.
iii. Provide the buyer or lessee of real estate necessary information.
iv. Inform the buyer or lessee in accordance with agency profession to check on real estate defects.
v. Assist the buyer or lessee of real estate to carry out the necessary checks.
vi. The prescription by the central administration office for the protection of the parties of the trading or the rental.

Article 25

A broker shall keep classified the secrets of others he or she knows on account of performing business.

Article 26

(1)A broking agency shall be liable to pay compensation for the trustor’s loss resulting from the broking agency failing to
realize the contract.
(2)The broking agency and the broker shall bear a joint liability for the compensation for the client’s loss resulting from the
broker’s performance of business or the salesperson’s intentional act or misconduct.
(3)The aforementioned victims’ recourse to the Republic of China Real Estate Broking or Sale Business Associations and the
national business union for representative compensation is to be regarded as their application to the committee of guaranty
bond management for reconciliation. The committee shall begin reconciliation.
(4)While the victim obtains the nominal execution over the broking agency or the broker, after arbitral settlement or the
resolution of payment made by the committee of guaranty bond management, he or she may have recourse to the Republic of
China Real Estate Broking or Sale Business Associations and the national business union for representative compensation
within the total amount of the guaranty bond and within the total amount guaranteed by the guaranty bond deposited by the
broking agency. Following representative compensation, the broking agency shall be informed of making up the guaranty bond
within the specified time according to Article 8(4).

Article 27

When the administration office examines the business of a broking agency, the broking agency shall not refuse.

Chapter 5. Award and Penalty

Article 28

(1)If a broking agency or a broker is found in one of the following situations, the administration office shall honor the broking
agency or the broker. In a special municipality, the administration office of the special municipality shall do it. The extremely
distinguished broking agency or broker shall be reported to the central administration office for honor.
i. Being Outstanding in keeping the safety and fairness of trading property and in promoting a sound development of real estate
broking.
ii. Being Outstanding in protecting the interests of the purchasers.
iii. Offering important contribution or suggestion to the research into the laws related to real estate broking.
iv. Having other special events acknowledged by the administration office.
(2)The central administration office shall make the rules of the aforementioned system of award.

Article 29

(1)The brokerage agency, which violates this act, shall be penalized according to the following regulations：
i. Those who violate Article 12, Article 18, Article 20, or Article 27 and who have not rectified themselves within the time limit given by the administration office shall be fined between thirty thousand and one hundred and fifty thousand NT dollars.
ii. Those who violate Article 24-1(1) and (2) or Article 24-2, shall be fined between thirty thousand and one hundred and fifty thousand NT dollars.
iii. Those who violate Article7 (6) , Article 11, Article 17, Article 19 (1) , Article 21 (1) and (2) or Article 22 (1) shall be fined between sixty thousand and three hundred thousand NT dollars.
iv. Those who violate Article 7 (3) and (4) or Article 8(4) shall be suspended. Suspension of business shall not be lifted until the brokerage agency makes up the guaranty bond. Nevertheless, if suspension of business lasts for one year, the permit of the broking agency shall be abolished.
(2)Those who are fined according to i, ii or iii above and who have not rectified themselves within the time limit shall receive be penalized each time.
(3)The enforcement date for Article 24-1,24-2 and the second part of the first paragraph of this Act is enacted by Executive Yuan.

Article 30

The local administration office shall nullify the permit of the broking agency that, after operation of business, has suspended its
business automatically for over six months in a row. Nevertheless, the broking agency that applies for suspension of business
by law is excluded from this regulation.

Article 31

(1)The broker who violates this act shall be punished for the following regulations：
i. The broker who violates Article 16, 22(1), Article 23 or Article 25 shall receive reprimand.
ii. The broker who violates Article 19(1) shall be faced with suspension of business lasting for more than six months or fewer
than three years.
(2)The broker who has been reprimanded three times shall be faced another suspension of business lasting for more than six
months or fewer than three years. The total time of suspension of business amounts to five years, which will result in the
abolition of the certificate of a broker.

Article 32

(1)The administration office shall ban those who do not run a broking agency or who are not real estate salesmen from dealing
with the business of property. Violating this regulation, the boss of the company or the doer shall be fined between one
hundred thousand and three hundred thousand NT dollars.
(2)Having been banned from operation by the administration office according to the aforementioned regulation, the boss of the
company or the doer who stills continues operation shall be sentenced to less than one year in prison, faced with criminal
detention, or fined between one hundred thousand and three hundred thousand NT dollars.

Article 33

(1)If a broker violates one of the sections specified in Article31(1), the related interest party, the administration offices of all
levels, or his or her business association shall list the facts, provide evidence, and refer him or her to the local administration
office for reprimand.
(2)Local administration offices should organize a committee of award and penalty in charge of the brokers’ award and
penalty.
(3)The central administration office shall make the rules of the organization of the aforementioned committee of award and
penalty.

Article 34

When the aforementioned committee of award and penalty accepts a case of penalty, they should inform the impeached or
referred broker that he or she may offer a self-defense or make a statement before the committee within twenty days. The
committee shall jump into final judgment if the impeached or referred broker does not offer a self-defense or make a statement
before the committee within twenty days.

Article 35

After being informed of paying the fine specified in this act, those who still do not pay the fine beyond the dead line shall be
referred to the court for enforcement.

Chapter 6. Supplementary Provisions

Article 36

(1)Those who served as real estate brokers or salespeople before the announcement of this act should acquirecertificates of
broking according to the regulations specified in this act within three years after the realization of this act and then continue
operation.
(2)Article 32 shall apply to those who violate what has been specified on the above and who still continue operation.

Article 37

(1)Those who served as real estate brokers before the realization of this act may continue operation for the next three years after
the day of the realization of this act. Those who will not have acquired the qualification of brokers in three years shall not
continue operation.
(2)After being considered qualified by the central administration office, those who has served as real estate brokers or
salespeople for exactly two years before the realization of this act and who have documentary proofs of operation and income
tax reports may continue operation for the next three years after the day of the realization of this act and shall take the civil
examination of real estate brokers.
(3)The aforementioned civil examination should be held at least five times within five years after the announcement and
realization of this act.

Article 38

(1)Foreigners may take the qualification examination of real estate brokers or the training of salespeople according to the law of
the Republic of China.
(2)The foreigners, who have the licenses or who have qualification of training, and register according to Article 13 (2) and
have certified documents, should acquire the permit issued by the central administration office, obey all the laws of the
Republic of China, and then may be employed as real estate brokers.
(3)Foreigners, who have been permitted to work as brokers in the Republic of China, should use the writing system of the
Republic of China on the documents and illustrations related to business.

Article 38-1

The fee of issued the licenses of real estate brokers shall be charged according to the article. The central administration office
shall make the fee by the rule.

Article 39

The central administration office shall make the detailed regulations on realization for this act.

Article 40

This act shall be effective from the date of its promulgation.

Article 1

To apply for acquiring or setting land rights in the territory of the Republic of China, a foreigner shall request the party concerned to submit a certificate produced by a related department of his mother country to prove that the citizens of our country are allowed to acquire or set the same rights in that country. If in that country (e.g., the USA), the regulations on the foreigner’s land rights are separately legislated by the administrative regions, a certificate shall be submitted to prove that the citizens of our country may acquire or set the same rights in the corresponding administrative region. If it is known from the existing documents that, the people of our country are allowed by the related treaties or the laws of a foreign country to acquire or set land rights in that country, it is not necessary for the party concerned to submit the aforementioned certificate.

Article 2

For the overseas Chinese who live in foreign countries and have acquired the nationality of a foreign country but still possess the nationality of the Republic of China, the laws and regulations applicable to acquisition or setting of land rights in R.O.C are the same as those applied to the citizens of the Republic of China. The land or building rights already acquired in the Republic of China Taiwan according to law will not be affected by the acquisition of the nationality of foreign countries.

Article 3

If a citizen of our country transfer his rights of lands or buildings acquired in the Republic of China according to law after he loses the nationality of the Republic of China, it is not necessary to apply article 20 of the Land Act.

If a foreigner acquires a piece of land as listed in the subparagraphs of Paragraph 1, Article 17 of the Land Act on account of inheritance, he shall sell the rights of this land to a citizen of the Republic of China within three years after he has finished the inheritance registration; otherwise, the case will be handled in accordance with Paragraph 2, Article 17 of the Land Act.

Article 4

If a foreign legal person applies for acquiring or setting land rights in our country, it shall be first recognized by the laws of country before to act as a subject of rights. To apply for land registration, a foreign company recognized shall submit application in the name of the head office and submit the recognition certificate. However, if inquiry can be made through electronic processing, it is not necessary to submit the aforementioned certificate.

A foreign company applying for registration in accordance with Article 386 of the Company Act may not act as a subject of rights.

Article 5

(Deleted)

Article 6

Whether a foreigner may acquire the industrial lands auctioned by the court or not shall be determined by the court according to law in event of specific lawsuits.

Article 7

The nationality of foreigners shall be determined in accordance with the applicable provisions of foreign-related civil laws.

Article 8

Where a foreigner disposes his real estates in our country, examination shall be made to verify whether he has the capacity of disposition.

The capacity of disposition of a person shall be determined according to the law of his mother country. If a foreigner has not the capacity of disposition or only has limited capacity of disposition according to the law of his mother country, but has complete capacity of disposition according to the law of the Republic of China, he may act as a person of complete capacity to conduct legal acts in the Republic of China.

Where an underage foreigner disposes his real estates in our country, he shall, according to the provisions of the Civil Code, have declaration of will declared or accepted by his legal representative, or acquire the permission or admission of the legal representative.

Article 9

In the event that a foreigner applies for setting land rights, it is not necessary to apply Paragraph 2, Article 20 of the Land Act to handle the case.

Article 10

For a foreign bank, the rights to auction and undertake land rights due to execution of creditor’s rights shall be acquired and disposed subsequently in accordance with Article 20 of the Land Act all the same.

Article 11

The format of the brief report on disposal of foreigner’s application for acquisition or transfer of land and building right is as shown in the annex below.